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The Middle Ages

Move this way to find out about the years 1200 - 1307

Middle Ages Time Line 1066 - 1199
1066	The Saxon King Edward the Confessor dies. Harold becomes King. Harold is killed at the Battle of Hastings. William the Conqueror is crowned King on Christmas Day. Britain becomes a Norman Country.
1067	William orders the building of castles across England and Wales.
1087	The Domesday Book is written.
1089	William dies and William II becomes King.
1095	The First Crusade to the Holy Land begins.
1099	The Crusaders capture Jerusalem.
1100	William II is killed while hunting and Henry I becomes King.
1106	Henry defeats his brother Robert at the battle of Tinchebrai and takes control of Normandy.
1112	The building of Exeter Cathederal starts.
1135	Henry I dies. His daughter, Matilda, should have become queen but the throne is seized by Stephen who becomes King. This lead to civil war.
1141	King Stephen is captured at the battle of Lincoln and Matilda is elected Queen. Stephen is swapped for some of Matilda's followers.
1148	Matilda has to leave Britain. The Second Crusade to The Holy Land starts.
1153	The future King Henry II invades. Stephen makes a deal with Henry saying he can be King when he dies. The war ends.
1154	Stephen dies and Henry II is crowned King in Westminster Abbey. His empire covered Scotland, Wales, England and most of France.
1162	Thomas Becket becomes Archbishop of Canterbury.
1163	Henry II and Thomas Becket begin to argue about how much power The Church should have.
1170	Henry becomes very angry with Becket who is murdered by 4 knights who are trying to help. Henry is upset about the murder.
1174	Henry agrees to be whipped by some monks as punishment for the murder.
1176	Work starts on a new, stone, London Bridge.
1187	The city of Jerusalem is captured by the Muslims. The Third Crusade, to get Jerusalem back, starts.
1189	King Stephen dies and his son Richard becomes King.
1190	King Richard the Lionheart joins the crusade to get back Jerusalem.
1194	Richard come back to England. He takes power away from his brother John who has been in charge while he was crusading.
1199	Richard is killed by an archer while away fighting. His brother John becomes King.

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If you want to find out about 1308 -1485 keep going right

Middle Ages Time Line 1200 - 1307
1205	The River Thames freezes.
1209	Cambridge University is founded.
1213	The French try to invade England but their fleet is defeated.
1215	Civil War starts between King John and the Barons. London falls to the Barons. John and the Barons sign Magna Carta which is a set of laws which everyone, including the King, must follow. The war ends.
1216	John dies and King Henry III is crowned.
1224	Henry III takes back many of the castles that John had lost and this gives him a lot of power.
1233	Henry's army is defeated by the Welsh at Grosmont Castle.
1245	The Christian army is defeated and Jerusalem falls.
1256	Llewelyn's Welsh army invades parts of North Wales which are ruled by the English
1257	Floods and famine across Britain. People are hungry and dying.
1258	Llewelyn becomes Prince of Wales. He sets up a Welsh Nation which will fight the English.
1264	Simon de Montfort leads the Barons against Henry III. Henry is defeated at the battle of Lewes and is captured.
1265	Simon de Montfort calls for a parliament where ordinary people could represent the country. Henry III escapes. Simon is defeated and killed at the battle of Evesham. Peace is declared.
1270	The Welsh attack Caerphilly Castle and destroy it.

1272	Henry III dies and his son Edward becomes King Edward I.
1275	Llewelyn lead the Welsh against the English.
1276	Edward I's war against the Welsh begins.
1277	Llewelyn is defeated and swears to follow Edward.
1278	Buckland Abbey, near Plymouth, is founded.
1282	There is another Welsh uprising. Llewelyn is killed in battle and his brother David is captured and hanged.
1283	Edward orders the building of several big castles in North Wales so that the Welsh will stop causing trouble. They are at Conway, Caernarvon, Criccieth, Baumaris and Harlech.
1292	John Balliol chosen by Edward I as Scottish King.
1296	Edward attacks Berwick on the Scottish boarder and Balliol refuses to follow Edward anymore. Balliol is defeated at the battle of Dunbar. Belliol is allowed to leave for France. Edward sets up a very unpopular English parliament to rule Scotland.
1297	The Scottish, lead by William Wallace, rise up against the English. The English are defeated at the battle of Stirling.
1298	Wallace's army is defeated by the Edward's army at Falkirk.
1300	A truce is agreed with the Scots.
1301	Edward and his army head into Scotland.

1305	William Wallace is captured and executed.
1306	Robert the Bruce is crowned King of Scotland.
1307	Edward I dies and his son becomes King Edward II.

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Middle Ages Time Line 1307 - 1485
1311	Robert the Bruce attacks Northern England.
1313	Edward II gathers an army at Berwick and gets ready for a Scottish invasion.
1314	Robert the Bruce's Scottish army defeats Edward II's army at the Battle of Bannockburn.
1315	Flood, famine and disease sweep across Europe.
1322	The Scotts invade England. Edward attacks the Scots and is nearly captured.
1323	A peace treaty is signed between Scotland and England.
1325	Edward's wife, Isabella, falls in love with another man in France. Edward commands his wife to come back to England but she refuses.
1326	Isabella leads an armyn into England so that her son, Edward, can be made king. They take London and Edward II has to run away. Edward II is captured.
1327	Edward II and Isabella's son Edward is crowned King Edward III. Edward II is put in prison and murdered.
1335	The English attack Scotland.
1337	The Hundred Years' War between England and France begins.
1338	The French attack English ports including Southampton, Plymouth, Hastings and Rye. Edward invades France.
1342	The English Siege the town of Vannes in Brittany in France.
1343	Edward II son, Edward, becomes Prince of Wales. He is known as The Black Prince.
1346	Edward III's army lands in France. The French are defeated at the battle of Crecy.
1347	The English capture the French town Calais and then agree a truce with the French.
1348	The Black Death reaches Britain. Across Europe 25 million people died. Half of the people who were living in Britain died.
1350	A Spanish invasion fleet are attacked and defeated by an English fleet. Both Edward III and his son take part in the battle.
1356	The Black Prince defeated the French at the battle of Poitiers. The French King was captured.
1376	Edward, The Black Prince, dies.
1377	King Edward III dies and his grandson becomes King Richard II.
1381	The Peasant's Revolt starts because of high taxes. The revolt is lead by Wat Tyler who leads his army to London. Tyler is killed and the revolt stops.
1387	Geoffrey Chaucer starts to write the Canterbury Tales.
1399	Richard goes to Ireland to stop a rebellion. Henry Bolingbroke returns to England to take the throne. Richard comes back to England and is captured. Parliament accepts Bolingbrokes claim to the throne. Richard steps down and Bolingbroke becomes King Henry IV.
1400	Owen Glendower leads the Welsh in a revolt against the English.
1402	Henry IV gathers an army to fight the Welsh.
1404	Glendower wins battles across Wales, including the capture of Cardiff and its castle.
1409	Harlech castle falls to the English and the Welsh revolt ends.
1413	Henry IV dies. His son becomes King Henry V.

1415	Henry V invades France. The English defeat the French at the battle of Agincourt.
1420	Henry becomes heir to the French throne.
1422	Henry V dies. His son becomes King Henry VI even though he is less than one year old.
1429	Joan of Arc leads a French army against the English.The English are defeated at Orleans and Patay.
1430	Joan of Arc is captured and given to the English.
1431	Joan of Arc is put on trial by the Church and burnt at the stake. King Henry VI becomes King of France.
1455	The first battle of The War of the Roses is fought at St Albans. The War is fought between Yorkshire and Lancashire. Henry VI is supported by Lancashire. The battle is won by York and they become very powerful.
1459	The King decides to take contol of York. Battles are fought at Blore Heath and Ludlow and the Yorkists are defeated.
1460	The Yorkists regroup and take control of London. Lancaster wins a battle at Northampton.
1461	The Lancastrians suffer a bad defeat at Towton. The Yorkist Edward IV becomes King.
1469	Edward IV's army is defeated by the Lancastrians and Edward is captured. There are riots across the country and Edward has to be set free.
1471	The old King, HenryVI, is murdered in London.
1483	Edward IV dies and Edward V becomes King. Richard of York captures Edward V. The young Edward V and his brother disappear from the tower of London. It is said they are murdered by Richard of York. Richard III becomes King.
1485	Richard III is killed at the Battle of Bosworth. The battle is won by Lancashire who are on the side of Henry Tudor. Henry become the first Tudor King, KIng Henry VII.

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